Mandarin Phonetic Transcription System

Mandarin syllables are divided into two major elements: consonants and vowels.

聲母 CONSONANT (INITIAL)	ㄅ	ㄆ	ㄇ	ㄈ		ㄉ	ㄊ	ㄋ	ㄌ
	B	P	M	F		D	T	N	L
	ㄍ	ㄎ	ㄏ				ㄐ	ㄑ	ㄒ
	G	K	H				J	Q	X
	ㄓ	ㄔ	ㄕ	ㄖ			ㄗ	ㄘ	ㄙ
	ZH	CH	SH	R			Z	C	S
	ㄧ	ㄨ	ㄩ
	Y	W	Yu

Most syllables are made up of a consonant plus a vowel but all the vowels can stand alone as can some of the consonants.

韻母 VOWEL (FINAL)	ㄚ	ㄛ	ㄜ	ㄝ		ㄞ	ㄟ	ㄠ	ㄡ
	A	O	E	E		AI	EI	AO	OU
	ㄢ	ㄣ	ㄤ	ㄥ	ㄦ		ㄧ	ㄨ	ㄩ
	AN	EN	ANG	ENG	ER		I	U	V (or ü)

The last 3 vowels, ㄧ(I), ㄨ(U), and ㄩ(V or ü), can each be combined with another vowel to form a combined vowel as follows:

合併韻母 COMBINED VOWEL (COMBINED FINAL)	Combination	ㄧ(I)	ㄨ(U)	ㄩ (V or ü)
	+ㄚ(A)	IA	UA
	+ㄛ(O)		UO
	+ㄜ(E)
	+ㄝ(E)	IE		UE
	+ㄞ(AI)		UAI
	+ㄟ(EI)		UI
	+ㄠ(AO)	IAO
	+ㄡ(OU)	IU
	+ㄢ(AN)	IAN	UAN	UAN
	+ㄣ(EN)	IN	UN	UN
	+ㄤ(ANG)	IANG	UANG
	+ㄥ(ENG)	ING	ONG	IONG